Monday, January 9, 2017

spread sheet

Microsoft Excel 
is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, ma Cos, Android and OS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications.

excel enveroment
A Microsoft Office Excel workbook 
is a file that contains one or more worksheets that you can use to organize various kinds of related information. To create a newworkbook, you can open a blank workbook. You can also base a new workbook on an existing workbook, the default workbook template, or any other template


Create a new workbook
A Microsoft Office Excel workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheets that you can use to organize various kinds of related information. To create a new workbook, you can open a blank workbook. You can also base a new workbook on an existing workbook, the default workbook template, or any other template.
What do you want to do?
Open a new, blank workbook
Base a new workbook on an existing workbook
Base a new workbook on a template
Open a new, blank workbook
1.     Click the File tab.
2.     Click New.
3.     Under Available Templates, double-click Blank Workbook.
Keyboard shortcut  To quickly create a new, blank workbook, you can also press CTRL+N.
Tips
·         By default, a new workbook contains three worksheets, but you can change the number of worksheets that you want a new workbook to contain.
For more information, see Change the number of worksheets in a new workbook.
·         You can also add and remove worksheets as needed.
For more information about how to add or remove worksheets, see Insert or delete a worksheet.
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Base a new workbook on an existing workbook
1.     Click the File tab.
2.     Click New.
3.     Under Templates, click New from existing.
4.     In the New from Existing Workbook dialog box, browse to the drive, folder, or Internet location that contains the workbook that you want to open.
5.     Click the workbook, and then click Create New.
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Base a new workbook on a template
1.     Click the File tab.
2.     Click New.
3.     Do one of the following:
o    To use one of the sample templates that come with Excel, under Available Templates, click Sample Templates and then double-click the template that you want.
o    To use a recently used template, click Recent Templates, and then double-click the template that you want.
o    To use your own template, on the My Templates, and then on the Personal Templates tab in the New dialog box, double-click the template that you want
An Excel worksheet 


is a single spreadsheet that contains cells organized by rows and columns. Aworksheet begins with row number one and column A. Each cell can contain a number, text or formula. A cell can also reference another cell in the same worksheet, the same workbook or a different workbook.
worksheet is a collection of cells where you keep and manipulate the data. By default, each Excel workbook contains three worksheets.
Select a Worksheet
When you open Excel, Excel automatically selects Sheet1 for you. The name of the worksheet appears on its sheet tab at the bottom of the document window.

Enter text or a number in a cell

  1. On the worksheet, click a cell.
  2. Type the numbers or text that you want to enter, and then press ENTER or TAB.
    To enter data on a new line within a cell, enter a line break by pressing ALT+ENTER.

Enter a number that has a fixed decimal point

  1. Click the Microsoft Office Button Office button image , and then click Excel Options.
  2. Click Advanced, and then under Editing options, select the Automatically insert a decimal point check box.
  3. In the Places box, enter a positive number for digits to the right of the decimal point or a negative number for digits to the left of the decimal point. 
    For example, if you enter 3 in the Places box and then type 2834 in a cell, the value will appear as 2.834. If you enter -3 in the Places box and then type 283, the value will be 283000.
  4. On the worksheet, click a cell, and then enter the number that you want.
    Data that you typed in cells before selecting the Fixed decimal option is not affected.
    To temporarily override the Fixed decimal option, type a decimal point when you enter the number.

  5. Enter a dates or a time in a cell

    1. On the worksheet, click a cell.
    2. Type a date or time as follows:
      • To enter a date, use a slash mark or a hyphen to separate the parts of a date; for example, type 9/5/2002 or 5-Sep-2002.
      • To enter a time that is based on the 12-hour clock, enter the time followed by a space, and then type a or p after the time; for example, 9:00 p. Otherwise, Excel enters the time as AM.
        To enter the current date and time, press CTRL+SHIFT+; (semicolon).
    • To enter a date or time that stays current when you reopen a worksheet, you can use the TODAY and NOW functions.
    • When you enter a date or a time in a cell, it appears either in the default date or time format for you computer or in the format that was applied to the cell before you entered the date or time. The default date or time format is based on the date and time settings in the Regional and Language Options dialog box (Control Panel). If these settings on your computer have been changed, the dates and times in your workbooks that have not been formatted by using the Format Cells command are displayed according to those settings.
    • To apply the default date or time format, click the cell that contains the date or time value, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+# or CTRL+SHIFT+@.

    Enter the same data into several cells at the same time

    1. Select the cells into which you want to enter the same data. The cells do not have to be adjacent.
      To select
      Do this
      A single cell
      Click the cell, or press the arrow keys to move to the cell.
      A range of cells
      Click the first cell in the range, and then drag to the last cell, or hold down SHIFT while you press the arrow keys to extend the selection.
      You can also select the first cell in the range, and then press F8 to extend the selection by using the arrow keys. To stop extending the selection, press F8 again.
      A large range of cells
      Click the first cell in the range, and then hold down SHIFT while you click the last cell in the range. You can scroll to make the last cell visible.
      All cells on a worksheet
      Click the Select All button.
      Select All button
      To select the entire worksheet, you can also press CTRL+A.
      If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+A selects the current region. Pressing CTRL+A a second time selects the entire worksheet.
      Nonadjacent cells or cell ranges
      Select the first cell or range of cells, and then hold down CTRL while you select the other cells or ranges.
      You can also select the first cell or range of cells, and then press SHIFT+F8 to add another nonadjacent cell or range to the selection. To stop adding cells or ranges to the selection, press SHIFT+F8 again.
      NOTE: You cannot cancel the selection of a cell or range of cells in a nonadjacent selection without canceling the entire selection.
      An entire row or column
      Click the row or column heading.
      Worksheet headings
      1. Row heading
      2. Column heading
      You can also select cells in a row or column by selecting the first cell and then pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key (RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW for rows, UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW for columns).
      If the row or column contains data, CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key selects the row or column to the last used cell. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key a second time selects the entire row or column.
      Adjacent rows or columns
      Drag across the row or column headings. Or select the first row or column; then hold down SHIFT while you select the last row or column.
      Nonadjacent rows or columns
      Click the column or row heading of the first row or column in your selection; then hold down CTRL while you click the column or row headings of other rows or columns that you want to add to the selection.
      The first or last cell in a row or column
      Select a cell in the row or column, and then press CTRL+ARROW key (RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW for rows, UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW for columns).
      The first or last cell on a worksheet or in a Microsoft Office Excel table
      Press CTRL+HOME to select the first cell on the worksheet or in an Excel list.
      Press CTRL+END to select the last cell on the worksheet or in an Excel list that contains data or formatting.
      Cells to the last used cell on the worksheet (lower-right corner)
      Select the first cell, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+END to extend the selection of cells to the last used cell on the worksheet (lower-right corner).
      Cells to the beginning of the worksheet
      Select the first cell, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+HOME to extend the selection of cells to the beginning of the worksheet.
      More or fewer cells than the active selection
      Hold down SHIFT while you click the last cell that you want to include in the new selection. The rectangular range between the active cell and the cell that you click becomes the new selection.
      To cancel a selection of cells, click any cell on the worksheet.
    2. In the active cell, type the data, and then press CTRL+ENTER.
      You can also enter the same data into several cells by using the fill handle Fill handle to automatically fill data in worksheet cells.
      For more information, see the article Fill data automatically in worksheet cells.

    Enter the same data on several worksheets at the same time

    By making multiple worksheets active at the same time, you can enter new data or change existing data on one of the worksheets, and the changes are applied to the same cells on all the selected worksheets.
    1. Click the tab of the first worksheet that contains the data that you want to edit. Then hold down CTRL while you click the tabs of other worksheets in which you want to synchronize the data.
      Tab scrolling buttons
      NOTE: If you don't see the tab of the worksheet that you want, click the tab scrolling buttons to find the worksheet and then click its tab. If you still can't find the worksheet tabs that you want, you might have to maximize the document window.
    2. On the active worksheet, select the cell or range in which you want to edit existing or enter new data.
      To select
      Do this
      A single cell
      Click the cell, or press the arrow keys to move to the cell.
      A range of cells
      Click the first cell in the range, and then drag to the last cell, or hold down SHIFT while you press the arrow keys to extend the selection.
      You can also select the first cell in the range, and then press F8 to extend the selection by using the arrow keys. To stop extending the selection, press F8 again.
      A large range of cells
      Click the first cell in the range, and then hold down SHIFT while you click the last cell in the range. You can scroll to make the last cell visible.
      All cells on a worksheet
      Click the Select All button.
      Select All button
      To select the entire worksheet, you can also press CTRL+A.
      NOTE: If the worksheet contains data, CTRL+A selects the current region. Pressing CTRL+A a second time selects the entire worksheet.
      Nonadjacent cells or cell ranges
      Select the first cell or range of cells, and then hold down CTRL while you select the other cells or ranges.
      You can also select the first cell or range of cells, and then press SHIFT+F8 to add another nonadjacent cell or range to the selection. To stop adding cells or ranges to the selection, press SHIFT+F8 again.
      NOTE: You cannot cancel the selection of a cell or range of cells in a nonadjacent selection without canceling the entire selection.
      An entire row or column
      Click the row or column heading.
      Worksheet headings
      1. Row heading
      2. Column heading
      You can also select cells in a row or column by selecting the first cell and then pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key (RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW for rows, UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW for columns).
      NOTE: If the row or column contains data, CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key selects the row or column to the last used cell. Pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key a second time selects the entire row or column.
      Adjacent rows or columns
      Drag across the row or column headings. Or select the first row or column; then hold down SHIFT while you select the last row or column.
      Nonadjacent rows or columns
      Click the column or row heading of the first row or column in your selection; then hold down CTRL while you click the column or row headings of other rows or columns that you want to add to the selection.
      The first or last cell in a row or column
      Select a cell in the row or column, and then press CTRL+ARROW key (RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW for rows, UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW for columns).
      The first or last cell on a worksheet or in a Microsoft Office Excel table
      Press CTRL+HOME to select the first cell on the worksheet or in an Excel list.
      Press CTRL+END to select the last cell on the worksheet or in an Excel list that contains data or formatting.
      Cells to the last used cell on the worksheet (lower-right corner)
      Select the first cell, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+END to extend the selection of cells to the last used cell on the worksheet (lower-right corner).
      Cells to the beginning of the worksheet
      Select the first cell, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+HOME to extend the selection of cells to the beginning of the worksheet.
      More or fewer cells than the active selection
      Hold down SHIFT while you click the last cell that you want to include in the new selection. The rectangular range between the active cell and the cell that you click becomes the new selection.
      To cancel a selection of cells, click any cell on the worksheet.
    3. In the active cell, type new data or edit the existing data, and then press ENTER or TAB to move the selection to the next cell.
    4. Repeat the previous step until you have completed entering or editing data.
    • To cancel a selection of multiple worksheets, click any unselected worksheet. If an unselected worksheet is not visible, you can right-click the tab of a selected worksheet, and then click Ungroup Sheets.
    • When you enter or edit data, the changes affect all the selected worksheets and can inadvertently replace data that you didn't mean to change. To help avoid this, you can view all the worksheets at the same time to identify potential data conflicts.
      1. On the View tab, in the Window group, click New Window.
      2. Switch to the new window, and then click a worksheet that you want to view.
      3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each worksheet that you want to view.
      4. On the View tab, in the Window group, click Arrange All, and then click the option that you want.
        To view worksheets in the active workbook only, select the Windows of active workbook check box.

    Adjust worksheet settings and cell formats

    There are several settings in Excel that you can change to help make manual data entry easier. Some changes affect all workbooks, some affect the whole worksheet, and some affect only the cells that you specify.

    Change the direction for the ENTER key

    When you press TAB to enter data in several cells in a row and then press ENTER at the end of that row, by default, the selection moves to the beginning of the next row.
    Pressing ENTER moves the selection down one cell, and pressing TAB moves the selection one cell to the right. You cannot change the direction of the move for the TAB key, but you can specify a different direction for the ENTER key. Changing this setting affects the whole worksheet, any other open worksheets, any other open workbooks, and all new workbooks.
    1. Click the Microsoft Office Button Office button image , and then click Excel Options.
    2. In the Advanced category, under Edit, select the After pressing Enter, move selection check box, and then click the direction that you want in the Direction box.

    Change the width of a column

    At times, a cell might display #####. This can occur when the cell contains a number or a date and the width of its column cannot display all the characters that its format requires. For example, suppose a cell with the Date format "mm/dd/yyyy" contains 12/31/2007. However, the column is only wide enough to display six characters. The cell will display #####. To see the entire contents of the cell with its current format, you must increase the width of the column.
    1. Click the cell for which you want to change the column width.
    2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.
      The Cells group on the Home tab
    3. Under Cell Size, do one of the following:
      • To fit all text in the cell, click AutoFit Column Width.
      • To specify a larger column width, click Column Width, and then type the width that you want in the Column width box.



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